Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an escalating public health issue in Nigeria, driven by rapid urbanization, lifestyle changes, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure. The disease affects 5.8% of the adult population, with millions requiring ongoing care. However, significant barriers prevent many from accessing the clinical care they need. These challenges include geographical disparities, with rural areas lacking essential healthcare services, and economic constraints, as many Nigerians cannot afford the high out-of-pocket costs associated with diabetes management. Cultural factors, such as reliance on traditional medicine and low health literacy, further complicate the effective management of T2D. The healthcare system is also hampered by a shortage of trained professionals and inadequate facilities, particularly in rural areas where most of the population resides. This review identifies these critical barriers and offers targeted solutions, including strengthening primary healthcare systems through investment in infrastructure and training, expanding health insurance coverage to reduce the economic burden, and enhancing public health education to improve health literacy and promote early diagnosis. Addressing these multifaceted challenges is crucial for improving access to care, reducing complications, and managing the growing burden of T2D in Nigeria. The findings of this study aim to inform policy and guide future research to develop effective diabetes management strategies in the region.