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A radiographic projection for the assessment of the equine paracondylar process
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  • Fernando Bulnes,
  • Natalie Calle-González,
  • Joaquín Jiménez Fragoso,
  • David Argüelles,
  • Eduardo Hernández,
  • Ana Muñoz,
  • Safia Barakzai
Fernando Bulnes
Universidad de Cordoba Facultad de Veterinaria
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Natalie Calle-González
Universidad de Cordoba Facultad de Veterinaria
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Joaquín Jiménez Fragoso
Universidad de Extremadura Facultad de Veterinaria
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David Argüelles
Universidad de Cordoba Facultad de Veterinaria

Corresponding Author:darguellescap@gmx.es

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Eduardo Hernández
Universidad de Cordoba Facultad de Veterinaria
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Ana Muñoz
Universidad de Cordoba Facultad de Veterinaria
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Safia Barakzai
Equine Surgical Referrals
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Abstract

Background: The paracondylar process is of clinical interest due to its proximity to anatomical structures involved in vital functions. There are limited reports describing abnormalities affecting the paracondylar process (PCP), with traumatic fractures being the most prevalent pathology. Affected horses can present with a variety of signs including headshaking, facial paralysis and/or poor performance. In almost all cases reported in the literature to date, computed tomography has been used to diagnose a PCP fracture. Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a radiographic technique for imaging the PCP, to determine the optimum radiographic projection angle and trial its use in standing sedated horses. Study design: Pilot study conducted in 10 standing sedated horses. Methods: Three tangential radiographs of the left and right paracondylar processes at 5º, 15º and 20º to the transverse plane were obtained in 10 standing sedated horses. Three blinded observers independently ranked each of the three images for clarity of viewing the PCP. The radiographic projection allowed imaging of the ventral portion of the PCP while avoiding superimposition of other osseous structures. Results: The highest grades were obtained for radiographs with a 5º angle from the transverse plane, and the lowest grades were obtained for a 20º angle. Main limitations: Complex anatomy of the PCP with superimposition of osseous and soft tissue structures. Conclusions: The radiographic technique for the PCP can be safely performed in standing, sedated horses. It is suitable for implementation in general veterinary practice before considering referral for advanced imaging techniques in horses presenting with headshaking or facial paralysis.
Submitted to Equine Veterinary Education
03 Jun 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
23 Jul 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
23 Jul 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
19 Aug 20241st Revision Received
28 Aug 2024Submission Checks Completed
28 Aug 2024Assigned to Editor
04 Sep 2024Editorial Decision: Accept