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Regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction by estrogens and estrogen receptors in Alzheimer’s disease: A focused review
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  • Shokouh Arjmand,
  • Mehran Ilaghi,
  • Ali Karimi Sisakht,
  • Matti Bock Guldager,
  • Gregers Wegener,
  • Anne Landau,
  • Albert Gjedde
Shokouh Arjmand
Aarhus Universitet Institut for Klinisk Medicin
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Mehran Ilaghi
Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman Neuroscience Research Center
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Ali Karimi Sisakht
Kerman University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine
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Matti Bock Guldager
Aarhus Universitet Institut for Klinisk Medicin
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Gregers Wegener
Aarhus Universitet Institut for Klinisk Medicin
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Anne Landau
Aarhus Universitet Institut for Klinisk Medicin
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Albert Gjedde
Aarhus Universitet Institut for Klinisk Medicin

Corresponding Author:albert@gjedde.nu

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Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily manifests itself by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, thus significantly affecting memory functions and quality of life. The canonical amyloid-β hypothesis, while significant, has faced setbacks, highlighting the need to adopt a broader perspective considering the intricate interplay of diverse pathological pathways for effective AD treatments. Sex differences in AD offer valuable insights into a better understanding of its pathophysiology. Fluctuation of the levels of ovarian sex hormones during perimenopause is associated with changes in glucose metabolism, as a possible window of opportunity to further understand the roles of sex steroid hormones and their associated receptors in the pathophysiology of AD. We review these dimensions, emphasizing the potential of estrogen receptors (ER) to reveal mitochondrial functions in the search for further research and therapeutic strategies for AD pharmacotherapy. Understanding and addressing the intricate interactions of mitochondrial dysfunction and estrogen receptors potentially pave the way for more effective approaches to AD therapy.
11 Mar 2024Submitted to Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
13 Mar 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
23 Apr 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
23 Apr 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Major
07 May 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
07 May 2024Editorial Decision: Accept