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Impact of dry (air classification) and wet fractionation on pea protein molecular structure and gelling properties
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  • Samitha Kottage,
  • Anusha Samaranayaka,
  • Pankaj Bhowmik,
  • Lingyun Chen
Samitha Kottage
University of Alberta
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Anusha Samaranayaka
National Research Council Canada Saskatoon
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Pankaj Bhowmik
National Research Council Canada Saskatoon
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Lingyun Chen
University of Alberta

Corresponding Author:lingyun1@ualberta.ca

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Abstract

Dry fractionation is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method to separate protein fractions. While most research has focused on the structure and functional properties of pea protein isolates (PPI), the information on dry fractionated pea protein (DFPP) is limited. This study compared DFPP (protein content (PC)-50.7%, insoluble fiber-17%), to PPI (PC-80.1%, insoluble fiber-8.33%), in terms of the protein structure, solubility, and heat-induced gelation. SDS-Page, size-exclusive chromatographic, and Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer analysis indicated that DFPP contained the major protein components in pea, and their native structures were well maintained. Whereas for PPI, some proteins were lost during wet extraction, and partial protein unfolding and aggregation were observed. At neutral pH, DFPP showed significantly higher solubility (44.64±0.55%) than PPI (12.09±1.42%). Interestingly, DFPP showed good gelling capacity as reflected by lower gelling concentration and higher gel mechanical strength and elasticity compared to those made from PPI. The DFPP gels were twice higher in mechanical strength (7.71±0.21kPa) than that prepared from PPI at pH 7. Strong gels were also obtained for DFPP at pH 5. The gel morphology revealed phase separation between protein and polysaccharides by heating, with stick-shaped fiber (10-25μm) dispersed in the continuous protein networks. Eventually, the polysaccharides including fiber and starch helped strengthen the gel network by acting as fillers. This knowledge will help to expand the applications of DFPP as a gelling ingredient in food formulations, but also allow industry to benefit from the dietary fiber co-exist in the protein to develop healthier food products using a holistic approach.
Submitted to Sustainable Food Proteins
24 Feb 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
29 Feb 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
27 Mar 20241st Revision Received
27 Mar 2024Assigned to Editor
27 Mar 2024Submission Checks Completed
27 Mar 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
15 May 2024Editorial Decision: Accept