Effects of COVID-19 on Telemedicine Practice Patterns in Outpatient
Otolaryngology
Abstract
Objective: Otolaryngology is considered high risk for Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposure and spread. This has led to a
transition to telemedicine and directly impacts patient volume,
evaluation and management practices. The objective of this study is to
determine the impact of COVID-19 on patient characteristics in relation
to outpatient attendance, ancillary testing, medical therapy, and
surgical decision making. Methods: A retrospective case series at an
academic medical center was performed. Outpatient appointments from
October 2019 (pre-COVID) and March 16-April 10, 2020 (COVID) were
analyzed. Prevalence rates and odds ratios were used to compare
demographics, visit characteristics, ancillary tests, medication
prescribing, and surgical decisions between telemedicine and in-person
visits, before and during COVID. Results: There was a decrease in
scheduled visits during the COVID timeframe, for both in-person and
telemedicine visits, with a comparable proportion of no-shows. There was
a higher overall percentage of Hispanic/Latino patients who received
care during the COVID timeframe (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.07-1.90) in both
groups, although primary language was not significantly associated with
attendance. There were fewer ancillary tests ordered (OR = 0.54) and
more medications prescribed (OR = 1.59) during COVID telemedicine visits
compared with pre-COVID in-person visits. Conclusion: COVID-19 has
rapidly changed the use of telemedicine. Telemedicine can be used as a
tool to reach patients with severe disease burden. Continued healthcare
reform, expanded access to affordable care, and efficient use of
resources is essential both during the current COVID-19 pandemic and
beyond. Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, Telemedicine, Otolaryngology,
Quality-improvement, Healthcare access