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Lithium-Based Batteries, History, Current Status, Challenges and Future Perspectives
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  • Triana Wulandari,
  • Derek Fawcett,
  • Subhasish Majumder,
  • Gerrard Poinern
Triana Wulandari
Murdoch University
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Derek Fawcett
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Subhasish Majumder
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Gerrard Poinern
Murdoch University School of Engineering and Information Technology

Corresponding Author:g.poinern@murdoch.edu.au

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Abstract

Currently, the main drivers for developing Li-ion batteries for efficient enery applications include energy density, cost, calendar life, and safety. The high energy/capacity anodes and cathodes needed for these applications is hindered by challengers like: 1) aging and degradation; 2) improved safety; 3) material costs, and 4) recyclability. The present begins by summarising the progress made from early Li-metal anode-based batteries to current commercial Li-ion batteries. Then discusses the recent progress made in studying and developing various types of materials for both anode and cathode electrodes, as well the various types of electrolytes and separator materials developed specifically for Li-ion battery operation. Battery management, handling and safety are also discussed at length. Also, as a consequence of the exponentially growth in the production of Li-ion batteries over the last ten years, the review identifies the challenge of dealing with the ever-increasing quantities of spent batteries. The review identifies the economic value of metals like Co and Ni contained with batteries and the extremely large numbers of batteries produced to date and the extremely large numbers that are expected to be manufactured in the next ten years. Thus, highlighting the need to develop effective recycling strategies to reduce the levels of mining for raw materials and prevents harmful products from entering the environment through landfill disposal.
21 Jul 2023Submitted to Battery Energy
24 Jul 2023Submission Checks Completed
24 Jul 2023Assigned to Editor
24 Jul 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
27 Jul 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
17 Aug 2023Editorial Decision: Revise Major
28 Aug 20231st Revision Received
28 Aug 2023Submission Checks Completed
28 Aug 2023Assigned to Editor
28 Aug 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
31 Aug 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
11 Sep 2023Editorial Decision: Accept