Mimicry in misophonia: A large-scale survey of prevalence and
relationship with trigger sounds
Abstract
Background Misophonia is often characterized by excessive
negative emotional responses, including anger and anxiety, to “trigger
sounds” which are typically day-to-day sounds, such as those generated
from people eating. Misophonia (literally ‘hatred of sounds’) has
commonly been understood within an auditory processing framework where
sounds cause distress due to aberrant processing in the auditory and
emotional systems of the brain. However, recent evidence from brain
imaging shows involvement of the motor system while listening to trigger
sounds suggesting that the perception of an action (e.g., mouth
movement) produced by a trigger person, not the sound per se, drives
distress in misophonia. Observation or listening to sounds of another’s
actions are known to prompt automatic mimicry/imitations. Apart from
anecdotal evidence and a few case studies, a relationship between
mimicry and misophonia has not been evaluated. Method We
addressed this ‘gap’ by collecting data on misophonia symptoms and
mimicry behaviour using online questionnaires from 676 participants.
Results The analysis shows, (i) the tendency to mimic varies in
direct proportion to misophonia severity assessed using a self-reported
questionnaire, (ii) compared to other human and environmental sounds,
trigger sounds of eating and chewing are more likely to trigger
mimicking, and (iii) the act of mimicking provides relief from distress
to most people with misophonia. Conclusion Mimicry is widely
prevalent in misophonia and is elicited by the most common trigger
sounds of eating. The data provides support to the model that misophonia
is not a disorder of sound-processing but rather its basis lies in
social perception.