Abstract

Natural disasters have posed great challenges to the power system in recent years. This paper proposes an emergent trading framework that uses parking lots as resources to provide power support to critical loads in a blackout due to typhoon. Firstly, a distribution line fault model under typhoon is established to create possible fault scenarios with the typhoon trajectory data. Subsequently, an evolutionary Stackelberg game-based trading model is proposed to maximize all stakeholders' economic benefits while reducing the critical load loss for all chosen scenarios, leading to enhanced system resilience. At the same time, a benefit allocation mechanism and free-riding penalty are incorporated in the framework to motivate players' participation while limiting the negative effect of free-riders. Further, an iterative evolutionary-Stackelberg solution set-up is applied to obtain the equilibria of the proposed framework. Finally, a modified IEEE 69-bus system is used to illustrate and validate the proposed framework.