Detection and Classification of Atrial and Ventricular Cardiovascular
Diseases to Improve the Cardiac Health Literacy for Resource Constrained
Regions
Abstract
ECG is a non-invasive way of determining cardiac health by measuring the
electrical activity of the heart. We investigate a novel detection
technique for feature points P, QRS and T to diagnose various atrial and
ventricular cardiovascular anomalies with ECG signals for ambulatory
monitoring. Before the system is worthy of field trials, we validated it
with several databases and recorded their response. The QRS complex
detection is based on the Pan Tompkins Algorithm and difference
operation method that provides positive predictivity, sensitivity and
false detection rate of 99.29\%, 99.49\%
and 1.29 \% respectively. Proposed novel T wave
detection provides sensitivity of 97.78\%. Also,
proposed P wave detection provides positive predictivity, sensitivity
and false detection rate of 99.43\%,
99.4\% and 1.15\% for the control study
(normal subjects) and 82.68\%, 94.3\%
and 25.4\% for the case (patients with cardiac
anomalies) study respectively. Disease detection such as, arrhythmia is
based on standard R-R intervals while myocardial infarction is based on
the ST-T deviations where the positive predictivity, sensitivity and
accuracy are observed to be 94.6\%,
84.2\% and 85\%, respectively. It should
be noted that, since the frontal leads are only used, the anterior
myocardial infarction cases are detected with the injury pattern in lead
\textit{avl} and ST depression in reciprocal leads.
Detection of atrial fibrillation is done for both short and long
duration signals using statistical methods using interquartile range and
standard deviations, giving very high accuracy, 100\% in
most cases. The system hardware for obtaining the 2 lead ECG signal is
designed using commercially available off the shelf components. Small
field validation of the designed system is performed at a Public Health
Centre in Gujarat, India with 42 patients (both cases and controls). We
achieved 78.5\% accuracy during the field validation.