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IMPACT OF THE BACTERIAL NASOPHARYNGEAL MICROBIOTA ON THE SEVERITY OF GENUS ENTEROVIRUS LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION IN CHILDREN: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
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  • Daniel Penela-Sánchez,
  • Muntsa Rocafort,
  • Desiree Henares,
  • Iolanda Jordan,
  • Pedro Brotons,
  • María Cabrerizo,
  • Cristian Launes,
  • Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
Daniel Penela-Sánchez
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu

Corresponding Author:daniel.penela@sjd.es

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Muntsa Rocafort
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu
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Desiree Henares
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu
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Iolanda Jordan
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu
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Pedro Brotons
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu
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María Cabrerizo
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
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Cristian Launes
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu
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Carmen Muñoz-Almagro
Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu
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Abstract

Introduction Rhinoviruses (RV) and Enteroviruses (EV) are among the main causative etiologies of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in children. The clinical spectrum of RV/EV infection is wide, which could be explained by diverse environmental, pathogen-, and host-related factors. Little is known about the nasopharyngeal microbiota as a risk factor or disease modifier for RV/EV infection in pediatric patients. This study describes distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles according to RV/EV LRTI status in children. Methods Cross-sectional case-control study, conducted at Hospital Sant de Déu (Barcelona, Spain) from 2017 to 2020. Three groups of children <5 years were included: healthy controls without viral detection (Group A), mild or asymptomatic controls with RV/EV infection (Group B), and cases with severe RV/EV infection admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (Group C). Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from participants for viral DNA/RNA detection by multiplex-PCR and bacterial microbiota characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results A total of 104 subjects were recruited (A=17, B=34, C=53). Children’s nasopharyngeal microbiota composition varied according to their RV/EV infection status. Richness and diversity were decreased among children with severe infection. Nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles enriched in genus Dolosigranulum were related to respiratory health, while genus Haemophiluswas specifically predominant in children with severe RV/EV LRTI. Children with mild or asymptomatic RV/EV infection showed an intermediate profile. Conclusions These results suggest a close relationship between the nasopharyngeal microbiota and different clinical presentations of RV/EV infection.
02 Dec 2022Submitted to Pediatric Pulmonology
05 Dec 2022Submission Checks Completed
05 Dec 2022Assigned to Editor
05 Dec 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
09 Dec 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
03 Feb 2023Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
16 Feb 20231st Revision Received
16 Feb 2023Submission Checks Completed
16 Feb 2023Assigned to Editor
16 Feb 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
16 Feb 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
16 Mar 2023Editorial Decision: Accept