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The impact of type 2 immunity and allergic diseases in atherosclerosis
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  • Nieves Fernández-Gallego,
  • Raquel Castillo-González,
  • Nerea Méndez-Barbero,
  • Celia López Sanz,
  • David Obeso,
  • Alma Villaseñor,
  • Maria Escribese,
  • Beatriz López-Melgar,
  • Jorge Salamanca,
  • Amparo Benedicto-Buendía,
  • Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero,
  • Borja Ibañez,
  • Joaquin Sastre,
  • Maria Belver,
  • Francisco Vega,
  • Carlos Blanco,
  • Domingo Barber Hernández,
  • Francisco Sánchez-Madrid,
  • Hortensia de la Fuente,
  • Pilar Martín,
  • Vanesa Esteban,
  • Rodrigo Jimenez-Saiz
Nieves Fernández-Gallego
Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III

Corresponding Author:nievesfga@gmail.com

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Raquel Castillo-González
Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III
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Nerea Méndez-Barbero
Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de la Fundacion Jimenez Diaz
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Celia López Sanz
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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David Obeso
Universidad CEU San Pablo Facultad de Medicina
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Alma Villaseñor
Universidad CEU San Pablo Facultad de Medicina
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Maria Escribese
Universidad CEU San Pablo Facultad de Medicina
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Beatriz López-Melgar
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Jorge Salamanca
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Amparo Benedicto-Buendía
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Borja Ibañez
Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III
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Joaquin Sastre
Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de la Fundacion Jimenez Diaz
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Maria Belver
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Francisco Vega
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Carlos Blanco
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Domingo Barber Hernández
Universidad CEU San Pablo Facultad de Medicina
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Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III
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Hortensia de la Fuente
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Pilar Martín
Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III
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Vanesa Esteban
Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de la Fundacion Jimenez Diaz
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Rodrigo Jimenez-Saiz
Hospital Universitario de la Princesa
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Abstract

Allergic diseases are allergen-induced immunological disorders characterized by the development of type 2 immunity and IgE responses. The prevalence of allergic diseases has been on the rise alike cardiovascular disease (CVD), which affects arteries of different organs such as the heart, the kidney and the brain. The underlying cause of CVD is often atherosclerosis, a disease distinguished by endothelial dysfunction, fibrofatty material accumulation in the intima of the artery wall, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and Th1 inflammation. The opposed T-cell identity of allergy and atherosclerosis implies an atheroprotective role for Th2 cells by counteracting Th1 responses. Yet, the clinical association between allergic disease and CVD argues against it. Within, we review different phases of allergic pathology, basic immunological mechanisms of atherosclerosis and the clinical association between allergic diseases (particularly asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and food allergy) and CVD. Then, we discuss atherogenic mechanisms of type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation including acute allergic reactions (IgE, IgG1, mast cells, macrophages and allergic mediators such as vasoactive components, growth factors and those derived from the complement, contact and coagulation systems) and late phase inflammation (Th2 cells, eosinophils, type 2 innate-like lymphoid cells, alarmins, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 and IL-17).
05 May 2022Submitted to Allergy
05 May 2022Submission Checks Completed
05 May 2022Assigned to Editor
05 May 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
21 May 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
21 May 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
05 Jun 20221st Revision Received
05 Jun 2022Assigned to Editor
05 Jun 2022Submission Checks Completed
09 Jun 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
21 Jun 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
22 Jun 2022Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
22 Jun 20222nd Revision Received
23 Jun 2022Submission Checks Completed
23 Jun 2022Assigned to Editor
25 Jun 2022Reviewer(s) Assigned
28 Jun 2022Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
28 Jun 2022Editorial Decision: Accept
18 Jul 2022Published in Allergy. 10.1111/all.15426