Abstract
Multiple ventricular septal defects (m-VSD), are a challenging clinical
problem. m-VSD can be onerous to manage. Besides the inability to close
all the defects in one operative setting due to inadequate
visualization, previously undetected defects may become clinically
apparent after the closure of the dominant defects, leading to
inadequate ventricular septation. This increases the morbidity from the
progression of pulmonary hypertension, persistence of congestive cardiac
failure, higher incidence of postoperative heart block, and the need for
reoperations.