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Flg22-induced Ca2+ increases undergo desensitization and resensitization
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  • Yuan Chi,
  • Chao Wang,
  • Mengyun Wang,
  • Di Wan,
  • Feifei Huang,
  • Zhonghao Jiang,
  • Bridget M. Crawford,
  • Tuan Vo-Dinh,
  • Fang Yuan,
  • Feihua Wu,
  • Zhen-Ming Pei
Yuan Chi
Zhejiang University

Corresponding Author:yc340@duke.edu

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Chao Wang
Hangzhou Normal University
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Mengyun Wang
Zhejiang University
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Di Wan
Hangzhou Normal University
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Feifei Huang
Duke University
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Zhonghao Jiang
Duke University
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Bridget M. Crawford
Duke University
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Tuan Vo-Dinh
Duke University
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Fang Yuan
Duke University
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Feihua Wu
Duke University
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Zhen-Ming Pei
Duke University
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Abstract

The flagellin epitope flg22, a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), binds to the receptor-like kinase FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), and triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane (PM). The flg22-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) (FICA) play a crucial role in plant innate immunity. It’s well established that the receptor FLS2 and the key downstream component, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, undergoes sensitivity adaptation after flg22 stimulation, referred to as desensitization and resensitization, to prevent over responses to pathogens. However, whether FICA also mount adaptation mechanisms to ensure appropriate and efficient responses against pathogens remains poorly understood. Here, we carried out detailed analyses of [Ca2+]i increases upon two successive flg22 treatments, recorded and characterized, for the first time, rapid desensitization but slow resensitization of FICA in Arabidopsis thaliana. Pharmacological analyses showed that the rapid desensitization might be synergistically regulated by ligand-induced FLS2 endocytosis as well as the PM depolarization. The recovery of desensitized FICA might require to de novo FLS2 protein synthesis. FICA resensitization appeared significantly slower than FLS2 protein recovery, suggesting additional regulatory mechanisms of other components, such as flg22-related Ca2+ permeable channels. Taken together, we have carefully defined the FICA sensitivity adaptation, which will facilitate further molecular and genetic dissection of the Ca2+-mediated adaptive mechanisms in PAMP-triggered immunity.
05 Jul 2021Submitted to Plant, Cell & Environment
05 Jul 2021Submission Checks Completed
05 Jul 2021Assigned to Editor
07 Jul 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
23 Jul 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
31 Jul 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
28 Aug 20211st Revision Received
28 Aug 2021Submission Checks Completed
28 Aug 2021Assigned to Editor
30 Aug 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
30 Aug 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
31 Aug 20212nd Revision Received
31 Aug 2021Submission Checks Completed
31 Aug 2021Assigned to Editor
31 Aug 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
31 Aug 2021Editorial Decision: Accept