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Sodium channel blockers in the management of long QT syndrome: a system review and meta-analysis
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  • Ying Yang,
  • Tingting Lv,
  • Siyuan Li,
  • Ping Zhang
Ying Yang
Tsinghua University

Corresponding Author:yangyingctgu@163.com

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Tingting Lv
Tsinghua University
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Siyuan Li
Tsinghua University
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Ping Zhang
Tsinghua University
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Abstract

Background: β-blockers are first-line therapy in patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS). However, β-blockers had genotype dependent efficacy (LQT1>LQT2>LQT3). Sodium channel blockers have been recommended as add-on therapy for LQT3 patients. However, the effect of sodium channel blockers in all LQT patients remains unknown. Methods: We conducted a systematic electronic search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Fixed effects model was used to assess the effect of sodium channel blockers on QTc, cardiac events (CEs), and the proportion of QTc≥500 ms and QTc≤460 ms in LQTS patients. Results: Pooled analysis of 14 studies with 213 LQTS patients showed that sodium channel blockers significantly shortened QTc by nearly 50 ms (MD -49.43, 95%CI -57.80 to -41.05, P<0.001), reduced the incidence of CEs (OR 0.12, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.32, P<0.001) and the proportion of QTc≥500 ms (OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.09 to 0.26, P<0.001), and increased the proportion of QTc≤460 ms (OR 18.00, 95%CI 7.49 to 43.26, P<0.001). Sodium channel blockers significantly shortened QTc both in LQT3 and non-LQT3 patients, while the QTc shortening effect in LQT3 was superior to that in non-LQT3 (57.39 ms vs. 36.61 ms). Mexiletine, flecainide, and ranolazine all significantly shortened QTc, and the QTc shortening effect by mexiletine was the best (60.70 ms vs. 49.08 ms vs. 50.10 ms). Conclusions: sodium channel blockers can be useful both in LQT3 and non-LQT3 patients. Mexiletine, flecainide and ranolazine significantly shortened QTc in LQTS patients, and the QTc shortening effect by mexiletine was the best.
30 Jun 2021Submitted to Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
02 Jul 2021Submission Checks Completed
02 Jul 2021Assigned to Editor
06 Jul 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
22 Jul 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
23 Jul 2021Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
02 Aug 20211st Revision Received
10 Aug 2021Submission Checks Completed
10 Aug 2021Assigned to Editor
10 Aug 2021Reviewer(s) Assigned
10 Aug 2021Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
13 Aug 2021Editorial Decision: Accept