Background: The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. It is well known that the expression of some miRNAs such as miRNA-146a up- regulate in diabetic and hyperglycemic patients whereas, circulating miRNA-126 reduces. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determinate the effects of Astaxanthin supplementation on the expression of miR-146a and miR-126, MDA and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 44 type 2 diabetes patients who were randomly assigned to received 8mg of oral Astaxanthin/d (n=22) or placebo(n=22) for 8 weeks. Results: We observed that Astaxanthin supplementation could decrease plasma levels of MDA and IL-6 (P < 0.05) and declined the expression level of miR-146a over time (Fold change: -1/388) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Astaxanthin supplementation might be beneficial for improving circulating MDA and IL-6 and down regulation of miR-146a. However, future investigations are suggested to confirm these results.