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Influences on Sediment Transportation and Deposition in a Lowland UK Heathland Catchment: Natural Flood and Sediment Management as Tools for Promoting Floodplain Deposition, Carbon Sequestration and Habitat Restoration.
  • Matthew Johns
Matthew Johns
University of Manchester

Corresponding Author:matthew.johns-2@postgrad.manchester.ac.uk

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Abstract

A catchment in southern England, UK, included a substantial area of bare ground within the surrounding heathland and woodland. Runoff from this area has, in the past, contributed large volumes of sediment to a large lake; although this input is now significantly reduced as a result of previous and on-going management works that are reported on in this paper. Historic realignment and re-sectioning of the main watercourse, has also resulted in the overdeepening, vertical and lateral erosion of the stream channel resulting in downstream transport of sediment to the lake. In addition to sediment erosion, the associated limited connectivity with the floodplain and focus of sediment transport in the fluvial channel has been a key factor in the shallowing and deterioration in the condition of the lake. Over the last 15 years a wide range of investigative, monitoring and management work has been undertaken within the catchment by a partnership between UK Government organisations, a local authority and a charity, with continuous involment by the author throughout this period. This work has evaluated the causes and effects associated with this erosion and transportation, tested and defined viable practical solutions (the delivery of natural sediment and flood management solutions and habitat restoration) and delivered a series of sustainable management interventions to reduce erosion, promote sediment deposition and to reconnect the stage zero and larger fluvial pathways to the floodplain – supporting the restoration of the lake. These works have resulted in the reduction in erosion at source and increased deposition through the catchment system, ultimately contributing to the improvement in condition of the lake and associated wetland habitats. Works in the headwaters of the catchment focused on defining the existing distribution, status and significance of areas of sediment generation, transport and deposition to the stream and lake, facilitating sustainable sediment management within this area. Works in the lower reaches focused on slowing flow velocities and diverting higher velocity sediment rich flows into new channels to reconnect with the floodplain and promote deposition. Management measures included the use of small diversion channels through woodland with the creation of glades to increase understory recovery and sediment deposition; use of geotextile cells filled with sand, gravel or stone to increase the flow path, reduce velocity and promote out of channel flooding and deposition of sediment; use of scrub and woody material to form leaky dams and increase channel roughness promoting out of bank flooding and deposition; use of online ponds, backwaters and embayments; blanking off channels to promote overland flow through woodland to reduce flow depth and velocity and promote deposition; use of leaky dams to promote higher flows transporting sediment into new sinuous channels and allowing out of bank flooding to promote sediment deposition.